據(jù)美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)6日?qǐng)?bào)道，研究顯示，美國(guó)槍支暴力事件的致死率正在上升，近年來(lái)發(fā)生的槍擊事件越來(lái)越致命。大多數(shù)槍傷致死的受害者都是當(dāng)場(chǎng)死亡，根本沒有機(jī)會(huì)得到醫(yī)療救治。而這種情況在過去二十年里變得越來(lái)越普遍。

圖源：路透社

About 57% of firearm fatalities in 2021 occurred at the scene of the shooting, up 9% since 1999, according to a research letter published Wednesday in the JAMA Surgery journal. For this analysis, researchers used data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and excluded suicides and other self-inflicted firearm injuries.

(資料圖片僅供參考)

《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)外科雜志》5日刊登一篇研究論文稱，2021年約有57%的槍傷致死者是當(dāng)場(chǎng)死亡，較1999年上升了9%。該研究基于美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心的數(shù)據(jù)，并排除了自殺和其他自殘的槍支傷害。

Nearly 49,000 people died from firearm injuries in the US in 2021, CDC data shows – an unprecedented surge of about 23% over two years during the Covid-19 pandemic.美疾控中心數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2021年有近4.9萬(wàn)人死于槍傷，在新冠大流行的兩年內(nèi)增長(zhǎng)了約23%，創(chuàng)下了前所未有的增幅。

And a shift in the type of firearms that are being bought and used is a key factor making shootings more lethal, experts say.專家認(rèn)為，導(dǎo)致槍擊事件致死率上升的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是購(gòu)買和使用的槍支類型發(fā)生了變化。

“It’s leaning more and more towards military-grade, higher velocity, higher lethality type of weapons,” said Dr. Eric Fleegler, an emergency physician at Boston Children’s Hospital.波士頓兒童醫(yī)院急診醫(yī)師埃里克·弗萊格勒博士稱：“越來(lái)越多槍擊案中出現(xiàn)了軍用級(jí)、更高射速、更大殺傷力的武器”。

“That includes larger magazine capacity so they can shoot more bullets, the ability to fire them at faster rates, and quite frankly, just bigger, faster bullets which cause more damage to a human body.”“這類槍支彈夾容量更大，能夠以更快的速度發(fā)射更多的子彈，對(duì)人體造成更大的傷害?！?/p>

Federal data shows that handguns are the most common murder weapon, used in more than half of all homicides that involve firearms. But rifles, such as the AR-15, are becoming more frequently used.美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，手槍是最常見的謀殺武器，在所有涉槍兇殺案中，有一半以上使用了手槍。但越來(lái)越多槍手開始使用AR-15等步槍作案。

Nearly 4% of firearm homicides in 2021 involved a rifle, killing 447 people, according to data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. That’s more than twice as many deaths and nearly twice as common compared to firearm homicides in 2015.根據(jù)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的數(shù)據(jù)，2021年近4%的持槍殺人案涉及步槍，造成447人死亡。與2015年發(fā)生的持槍殺人案相比，被步槍射殺的死亡人數(shù)多了一倍多，案件發(fā)生率也翻了近一番。

And the true scope of America’s gun epidemic is far broader than the deaths it causes, experts say.專家表示，美國(guó)槍支泛濫的影響遠(yuǎn)不止槍擊導(dǎo)致的死亡。

“Deaths from firearm injuries are horrible tragedies, but they are unfortunately just the tip of the iceberg,” said Fleegler, who has studied gun violence but was not involved in this research.弗萊格勒說(shuō)："槍支傷害造成的死亡是可怕的悲劇，但不幸的是，這只是其冰山一角。"

There are many others who suffer physically from gunshot wounds and a deep emotional toll on families and communities, he said.他說(shuō)，槍支傷害讓許多傷者飽受折磨，也給家庭和社區(qū)造成難以治愈的心理創(chuàng)傷。

圖源：美聯(lián)社

近年來(lái)，美國(guó)的槍支暴力問題持續(xù)升溫，一系列惡劣的槍擊案給美國(guó)社會(huì)蒙上血色陰影。其中AR-15步槍更是以超高的“出鏡率”出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)歷次的大規(guī)模槍擊案中。

Ten of the 17 deadliest mass killings in the United States since 2012 involved AR-15s.據(jù)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》統(tǒng)計(jì)，自2012年以來(lái)，美國(guó)17起最致命的大規(guī)模槍擊事件中有10起涉及AR-15步槍。

AR-15步槍自問世以來(lái)，因其火力強(qiáng)大、射速高而被軍隊(duì)和警察部隊(duì)廣泛采用。近年來(lái)，在美國(guó)軍火商的包裝營(yíng)銷下，成為美國(guó)民間最暢銷的步槍。

Now, about 1 in 20 U.S. adults own at least one AR-15. That’s roughly 16 million people, storing roughly 20 million guns designed to mow down enemies on the battlefield with brutal efficiency. Two-thirds of these were crafted in the past decade.《華盛頓郵報(bào)》的調(diào)查顯示，現(xiàn)在大約每20名美國(guó)成年人中就有一人擁有至少一支AR-15步槍，這也意味著約有1600萬(wàn)美國(guó)人擁有2000萬(wàn)支AR-15。

The AR-15,is materially different from traditional handguns. The rifle fires very small bullets at very fast speeds. The projectiles don’t move straight and smooth through human targets like those from a traditional handgun. Their velocity turns them unstable upon penetration, so that they tumble through flesh and vital organs. This so-called blast effect literally tears people apart. A trauma surgeon notes,“youdon’t see the muscle…just bone and skin and missing parts.”Another mentions tissue that“crumbled into your hands.”據(jù)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，AR-15與傳統(tǒng)手槍有很大不同。步槍以極快的速度發(fā)射非常小的子彈。其子彈不像傳統(tǒng)手槍那樣筆直平滑地穿過人體。超高速使其在穿透人體時(shí)變得不穩(wěn)定，翻滾穿過肉體和重要器官。這種所謂的爆炸效應(yīng)真實(shí)的將人體撕裂。一位創(chuàng)傷外科醫(yī)生指出，“你看不到肌肉……只有骨頭、皮膚和缺失的部分”。另一位外科醫(yī)生稱人體組織“碎在手中”。

來(lái)源：CNN，華盛頓郵報(bào)編輯：董靜，李蕙帆（實(shí)習(xí)）

來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)

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